Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian social science fiction novel by English novelist George Orwell.It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. [258] It was launched in India in February 2017, and expanded in November 2017 to 14 other countries, including Nigeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Kenya, and South Africa. The dispute was resolved in September 2009. [447], Before 2019, YouTube has taken steps to remove specific videos or channels related to supremacist content that had violated its acceptable use policies but otherwise did not have site-wide policies against hate speech. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, which led to the idea of a video sharing site. According to Google, YouTube had made US$15.1 billion in ad revenue in 2019, in contrast to US$8.1 billion in 2017 and US$11.1 billion in 2018. A good compare/contrast essay doesn’t only point out how the subjects are similar or different (or even both!). [238] YouTube Premium was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as "Music Key", a subscription music streaming service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the existing Google Play Music "All Access" service. [428][430] After YouTube drew controversy for giving top billing to videos promoting falsehoods and conspiracy when people made breaking-news queries during the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, YouTube changed its algorithm to give greater prominence to mainstream media sources. [501][502] Videos marked as "made for kids" are also excluded from Google search engine results, further lowering revenue for content creators. [514] The Huffington Post noted in April 2012 that finding comments on YouTube that appear "offensive, stupid and crass" to the "vast majority" of the people is hardly difficult. [35][36], On October 9, 2006, Google announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock. [151], After the feature has been officially released, the community post feature gets activated automatically for every channel that passes a specific threshold of subscriber counts or already has more subscribers. [246], In May 2014, before Music Key service was launched, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services and that YouTube would block all music content from labels who do not reach a deal to be included on the paid service. Currently in China, the government has blocked YouTube. You can cite Wikipedia in APA style just like any other web page for which there is no author. [304] A Pew Research Center study reported the development of "visual journalism," in which citizen eyewitnesses and established news organizations share in content creation. [14] Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. [34] The interface of the website is available with localized versions in 90 countries, and a worldwide version.[35]. [135] In October 2012, more than 8 million people watched Felix Baumgartner's jump from the edge of space as a live stream on YouTube. [251], On February 28, 2017, in a press announcement held at YouTube Space Los Angeles, YouTube announced the launch of YouTube TV, an over-the-top MVPD-style subscription service that would be available for United States customers at a price of US$35 per month. [396] Should the uploader want to monetize the video again, they may remove the disputed audio in the "Video Manager". [30] Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed at request of NBC-Universal about two months later, raising questions of copyright related to viral content. [56] In November 2011, the Google+ social networking site was integrated directly with YouTube and the Chrome web browser, allowing YouTube videos to be viewed from within the Google+ interface. Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc. When a video is uploaded, it is checked against the database, and flags the video as a copyright violation if a match is found. The site's owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. [105] YouTube does stipulate a "recommended" upload format to maximize the quality of the transcoded video that will be shown to viewers; as of late 2020 this is H.264 AVC video and AAC audio in an MP4 container. Besides helping to bolster ratings and long-term viewership for Saturday Night Live, "Lazy Sunday"'s status as an early viral video helped established YouTube as an important website. [394] If a YouTube user disagrees with a decision by Content ID, it is possible to fill in a form disputing the decision. Uploader holds copyright (standard license); Not required to watch most videos; required for certain tasks such as uploading videos, viewing flagged (18+) videos, creating playlists, liking or disliking videos, and posting comments. YouTube later renamed the feature "YouTube Stories". [82], In September 2018, YouTube began to phase out the separate YouTube Gaming website and app and introduced a new Gaming portal within the main service. [383], In April 2013, it was reported that Universal Music Group and YouTube have a contractual agreement that prevents content blocked on YouTube by a request from UMG from being restored, even if the uploader of the video files a DMCA counter-notice. In September 2020, a class-action suit was filed by a former content moderator who reported developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an 18-month period on the job. [310], Some YouTube videos have themselves had a direct effect on world events, such as Innocence of Muslims (2012) which spurred protests and related anti-American violence internationally. Early computing. Pictures ( frames ) every second CNN and the Dynamic Adaptive streaming over HTTP protocol 256 ] the... A lightweight alternative website for countries with limited internet speeds 1500 subscribers, to 1000,. A user account will result in the classroom without stress and hassle were! Dispute was resolved 68 ], on June 19, 2007. [ 159 ] [ ]. 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