Environmental exposure to cadmium has been particularly problematic in Japan where many people have consumed rice that was grown in cadmium-contaminated irrigation water. Agron. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanomaterials (such as CdS nanodots or nanorods) are widely used in optical, electronic, and biological applications. Related Pages. Cadmium zinc sulfide ((Cd,Zn)S) B-3-Zh. Epub 2020 Aug 25. Bolan N. S. et al. EINECS 269-773-1. Mater 2013;260:1073-82. 2018 Aug 15;157:403-408. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.060. It is also used as a curing agent in tires. 1306-23-6 - CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Cadmium sulfide - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. Skin sensitising (Ss) – Recognised skin sensitiser: comes from a harmonised C&L classifying the substance as Skin Sens. Cadmiumsulfid ist eine chemische Verbindung aus Cadmium und Schwefel. It is shown that acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is the sediment phase that determines the LC50 for cadmium in the marine sediments tested. A Schematic diagram representing Cd-induced…, Figure 6. Cadmium Sulfide (under Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds) - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information Note : See Working with the Information on this Page section below for important notes about this data. Cadmium Sulfide is a crystalline solid used as a semiconductor and in photo optic applications. CAS Number: 1306-23-6 / EC Number: 215-147-8 Company: Angstrom Sciences, Inc. ZnCdS has a crystalline structure similar to that of CdS; the only difference is that in ZnCdS, zinc replaces 80% of the cadmium in the lattice. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates cadmium toxicity to tobacco by regulating the absorption and distribution of Cd, K, and Ca Cadmium (50 mg/L) inhibits absorption of nutrients in tobacco and leads to toxicity as shown in Fig. A comprehensive study on the photocatalytic activity of coupled copper oxide-cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. yielded significant increase in Cd-MT (cadmium metallothionein), lipid … Given here are details on preparation method, properties and toxicity of this compound. Cadmium Toxicity. Results revealed that cadmium exposure resulted in growth inhibition and biomass reduction, which is correlated with the increased uptake of cadmium and depletion of the photosynthetic pigments, leaf water contents, essential minerals, water-soluble proteins, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. [34], CdS and CdSe form solid solutions with each other. Company: Angstrom Sciences, Inc. 40 South Linden Street . All soils and rocks, including coal and mineral fertilizers, contain some cadmium. CAS Number: 1306-23-6 / EC Number: 215-147-8 . Keyster M, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Carelse M, Bakare O, Ludidi N, Klein A, Mekuto L, Gokul A. identify sources of cadmium in the natural environment, and; describe how man-made … Carcinogenicity H302 Harmful if swallowed. 77205. CADMIUM SULFIDE mixed with ZINC SULFIDE (1:1) Cadmium sulfide, mixt. Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests.Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 12442-27-2. | AU - Varmazyari, Atefeh. Cadmium sulfide can be prepared by the precipitation from soluble cadmium(II) salts with sulfide ion. 64. AU - Wallace, David R. AU - Tsatsakis, Aristidis. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, it is the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications. Behav. Effect of NaHS on Cd homeostasis in rice plants subjected to Cd stresses. . 1. Cadmium toxicity is considered as an occupational hazard and according to an estimate, around 300,000 individuals working in various industries are exposed to cadmium toxicity. II: suppression of cadmium uptake and accumulation into rice grains due to application of magnesium oxide materials. I have a question about the toxicity of the pigments Cadmium Selenide (Cadmium Red), Cadmium Sulfide (Cadmium Yellow), Mercury Sulfide (Cinnabar or Vermillion) and Lead Oxide (Lead White). I have a question about the toxicity of the pigments Cadmium Selenide (Cadmium Red), Cadmium Sulfide (Cadmium Yellow), Mercury Sulfide (Cinnabar or Vermillion) and Lead Oxide (Lead White). We investigated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which H2S mitigates the cadmium stress in rice. Zinc cadmium sulfide is a mixture of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS). Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) can be utilized as a quantum dot that functions as a unique light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal. Product Name: Cadmium Sulfide . with zinc sulfide. AU - Varmazyari, Atefeh. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and glutathione alleviate copper toxicity by reducing copper uptake and oxidative damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Thin films of CdS can be piezoelectric and have been used as transducers which can operate at frequencies in the GHz region. Kikuchi T., Okazaki M. & Kimura S. D. Suppressive effects of magnesium oxide materials on cadmium uptake and accumulation into rice grains. Cadmium sulfide. Effects of exogenous NaHS on methylglyoxal detoxification system in leaves of rice plants…, Figure 6. In contrast, elevated H. Would you like email updates of new search results? [17], When solutions of sulfide containing dispersed CdS particles are irradiated with light, hydrogen gas is generated:[18], The proposed mechanism involves the electron/hole pairs created when incident light is absorbed by the cadmium sulfide[19] followed by these reacting with water and sulfide:[18], Cadmium sulfide has, like zinc sulfide, two crystal forms. Smiles S=[Cd] Download. 2020 Dec 16;9(12):1781. doi: 10.3390/plants9121781. Indicates high toxicity in the given toxicological category. Toxicity. 2、Cadmium sulfide can be produced from volatile cadmium alkyls, an example is the reaction of dimethylcadmium with diethyl sulfide to produce a film of CdS … Nucleo-mitochondrial interaction of yeast in response to cadmium sulfide quantum dot exposure. Epub 2014 Apr 22. H341: Suspected of causing genetic … AU - Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali Their small size allows their ready entry into living cells, but as yet no attempt has been made to assess their toxicity. The toxic effects of long-term cadmium exposure have made many of its traditional users to turn to other alternative pigments, one of which being azo pigments. Cadmium sulfide mixed with zinc sulfide (8:92) C.I. Decoding Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants: Towards Improved Food Security and Safety. Ashraf El-Baz. The toxicity of chemicals in sediments is influenced by the extent that chemicals bind to the sediment. 154, 294–299 (2008). Karl-Heinz Schulte-Schrepping, Magnus Piscator "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2007 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Problems of biocompatibility have been reported when CdS is used as colors in tattoos. Most cadmium ore (greenockite): exists as cadmium sulfide, is refined during zinc production, and Cadmium is a natural element in the earth's crust. The more stable hexagonal wurtzite structure (found in the mineral Greenockite) and the cubic zinc blende structure (found in the mineral Hawleyite). EINECS 269-773-1. Hydrogen sulphide partly involves in thiamine-induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) plants. Epub 2019 Dec 9. Bot. noha sorour. H2S reduced cadmium-induced oxidative stress, particularly by enhancing redox status and the activities of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal detoxifying enzymes. Adv. Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female Substance is not listed. It is used for its fluorescent properties. Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source; mouse: LD50: oral: 1166mg/kg (1166mg/kg) "Aktual'nye Problemy Gigieny Truda. Excessive cadmium also potentiated its toxicity by inducing oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and malondialdehyde. Not long ago the EU banned lead-white pigments from use, even for art. 1.4 Environmental fate Fertilizers produced from phosphate ores constitute a major source of diffuse cadmium pollution. More information about reproductive toxicity here. Download Free PDF ... which is considered as a tion and its capability to overcome cadmium toxicity ß 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,Weinheim www.jbm-journal.com J. NIH 11129-14-9. Introduction: Cadmium, a rare but widely dispersed element, is found naturally in the environment. [33] The presence of cadmium in paints has been used to detect forgeries in paintings alleged to have been produced prior to the 19th century. Long-term or repeated exposures are expected to have harmful effects on the kidneys, bones, and respiratory tract, resulting in kidney impairment, osteoporosis (bone weakness), … 2020 Jul 10;9(7):603. doi: 10.3390/antiox9070603. Cadmium Toxicity Where is Cadmium Found? ashraf hawase. Cadmium (Cd) is a soft, malleable, bluish white metal found in zinc ores, and to a much lesser extent, in the cadmium mineral greenockite. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates cadmium-induced morpho-physiological and ultrastructural changes in Brassica napus. Cadmium oxide is used in electroplating, in semiconductors, and in glass and ceramic glazes. Plants (Basel). Notably, H2S maintained cadmium and mineral homeostases in roots and leaves of cadmium-stressed plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 12442-27-2. The toxicity of chemicals in sediments is influenced by the extent that chemicals bind to the sediment. Cadmium sulfide is a … Cadmium zinc sulfide ((Cd,Zn)S) B-3-Zh. Excessive cadmium also potentiated its toxicity by inducing oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and malondialdehyde. Large-scale production and use of these materials will likely result in accidental and incidental releases, which raise concerns about their potential environmental and human-health impacts. 2014 Dec;110:197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.027. doi: 10.17226/5739. Nanoribbons of CdS show a net cooling due annihilation of, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 15:26. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) effectively alleviates heavy metal toxicity in plants and reduces oxidative stress in mammals. Hazard Statements: H302: Harmful if swallowed. CADMIUM SULFIDE mixed with ZINC SULFIDE (1:1) Cadmium sulfide, mixt. toxicity and related data on zinc cadmium sulfide Data on the toxicity of ZnCdS are sparse. Their small size allows their ready entry into living cells, but as yet no attempt has been made to assess their toxicity. Rathinapriya P, Pandian S, Rakkammal K, Balasangeetha M, Alexpandi R, Satish L, Rameshkumar R, Ramesh M. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. ROS and MG contribute to oxidative stress, resulting in lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation, all of which cause growth inhibition, biomass loss and ultimate yield reduction. Fun-Fact:Cadmium – Sulfide based pigments were starting to be used as early as 1850’s because of their brillant yellow,oranges anf red colours, these cadmium based pigments appeared prominently in the paintings of Vincent Van Gogh in the late 1800’s. T1 - Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, it is the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications. Comparative transcriptome analysis uncovers roles of hydrogen sulfide for alleviating cadmium toxicity in Tetrahymena thermophila. See this image and copyright information in PMC. During present investigations, renal toxicity of CdSNPs (cadmium sulphide nanoparticles) (ranged 5-9 nm) was estimated in rat employing specific parameters. AU - Sevim, Cigdem. Cadmium sulfide and selenide are commonly used as pigments in plastics. [35] Problems of biocompatibility have been reported when CdS is used as colors in tattoos. 1306-23-6 Cadmium sulfide California Proposition 65 Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer 1306-23-6 Cadmium sulfide Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity Substance is not listed. cadmium sulfide.pdf. 6, 215–222 (2011). For instance, personals working in metal smelting and refining plants, and manufacturing of plastic, solar panels and batteries [4]. [31]Such solid solutions are components of photoresistors (light dependent resistors) sensitive to visible and near infrared light. H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects. Cadmium copper lead zinc sulfide. Collectively, our findings provide an insight into H2S-induced protective mechanisms of rice exposed to cadmium stress, thus proposing H2S as a potential candidate for managing toxicity of cadmium, and perhaps other heavy metals, in rice and other crops. Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential heavy metal with potentially deleterious effects on different organisms. Author information: (1)Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in plants and in seafood. Their small size allows their ready entry into living cells, but as yet no attempt has been made to assess their toxicity. Figure 2. Increasing amounts of cadmium selenide, gives pigments verging toward red, for example CI pigment orange 20 and CI pigment red 108. J Hazard . Plant Signal. Cadmium sulfide is a yellow solid. AU - Baris, Ozlem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Cd stress exerted harmful effects by inhibiting photosynthesis and affecting water status and ionic balance. J. [4] Its vivid yellow color led to its adoption as a pigment for the yellow paint "cadmium yellow" in the 18th century. 119, 183–273 (2013). TY - JOUR. Results Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (Fig. USA.gov. In thin-film form, CdS can be combined with other layers for use in certain types of solar cells. [5]The preparative route and the subsequent treatment of the product, affects the polymorphic form that is produced (i.e., cubic vs hexagonal). The increased use in CdS has led to an increased inhalation and ingestion rate of CdS by humans which requires a broader appreciation for the acute and chronic toxicity of CdS. Most of the cadmium produced today is obtained from zinc byproducts and recovered from spent nickel-cadmium batteries. Naser H. M., Shil N. C., Mahmud N. U., Rashid M. H. & Hossain K. M. Lead, cadmium and nickel contents of vegetables grown in industrially polluted and non-polluted areas of Bangladesh. In both of these forms the cadmium and sulfur atoms are four coordinate. Figure 1. Moscow, Pervyi Moskovskii … doi: 10.17226/5739. T2 - In vitro and in vivo studies. cadmium sulfide.pdf. J Agric Food Chem 67:433–440 . | American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, ... Sulfide alleviates cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis plants by altering the chemical form and the subcellular distribution of cadmium. W. Stanley Taft, James W. Mayer, Richard Newman, Peter Kuniholm, Dusan Stulik (2000), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Bacterial Biosynthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals", Chemical Solution Deposition of Semiconducting and Non-Metallic Films: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, CDC International Chemical Safety Card - Cadmium Sulfide ARCHIVE COPY, Cadmium(II) sulphide information at Webelements, IARC Monograph: "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds", National Pollutant Inventory - Cadmium and compounds, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cadmium_sulfide&oldid=992109702, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Spraying with precursor cadmium salt, sulfur compound and dopant. Course: WB 1096 CE Original Date: May 12, 2008 CE Renewal Date: May 12, 2011 CE Expiration Date: May 11, 2013 Download Printer-Friendly version [PDF - 490 KB] Previous Section: Next Section: Learning Objectives: Upon completion of this section, you will be able to. In the chemical bath deposition method, thin films of CdS have been prepared using thiourea as the source of sulfide anions and an ammonium buffer solution to control pH:[10], Cadmium sulfide can be produced using metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy and MOCVD techniques by the reaction of dimethylcadmium with diethyl sulfide:[11], Other methods to produce films of CdS include, Cadmium sulfide can be dissolved in acids. Hazard. The development of efficient catalyst for photoredox-catalyzed selective organic synthesis has consitently been an attractive objective in recent years. [7] When cadmium sulfide selenides are required the CdSe is co-precipitated with CdS and the cadmium sulfoselenide is created during the calcination step. Acute toxicity Aquatic Acute Acute aquatic toxicity Aquatic Chronic Chronic aquatic toxicity Carc. SAFETY DATA SHEET . Cadmium zinc sulphide. BMC Genomics. Two-dimensional nickel hydroxide/sulfides nanosheet as an efficient cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution over CdS nanospheres. [7] As a pigment, CdS is known as cadmium yellow (CI pigment yellow 37). AU - Eser, Gizem. Plant responses to abiotic stresses: heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and protection by mycorrhization. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) can be utilized as a quantum dot that functions as a unique light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal. 2020 Sep;26(9):1815-1829. doi: 10.1007/s12298-020-00869-0. 34, 545–554 (2009). Excessive Cd can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by depleting antioxidant levels. EINECS 235-672-6. "National Research Council. Cadmium is a transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. Buildup of cadmium levels in the water, air, and soil has been occurring particularly in industrial areas. ashraf hawase. Substance details. This study aims to explore the possible mechanism of liver injury induced by Nano‐CdS and whether resveratrol can reduce the damage. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are used in the manufacture of a number of electronics products. Basic Microbiol. However, elevating endogenous H2S level improved physiological and biochemical attributes, which was clearly observed in the growth and phenotypes of H2S-treated rice plants under cadmium stress. Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male Substance is not listed. 2021 Jan 6;22(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-07337-9. 2020 Aug 19;11:1283. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01283. Hardman R. A toxicologic review of quantum dots: toxicity . Specifications of Cadmium Sulfide: CAS No: 1306-23-6 Molecular Formula: CdS Molecular Weight: 144.47 g/mol Cadmium sulfide is a sulfide of cadmium that occurs naturally as the minerals greenockite and hawleyite and is also produced by sulfate reducing bacteria. [19] The proximity of its band gap to visible light wavelengths gives it a coloured appearance. Display Name: Cadmium sulphide EC Number: 215-147-8 EC Name: Cadmium sulphide CAS Number: 1306-23-6 Molecular formula: CdS IUPAC Name: cadmium(2+) sulfanediide 77205. PDF. Information about limitation of use: Luminescence and photophysics of cadmium sulfide semiconductor clusters: the nature of the emitting electronic state (The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1986) Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments (Environmental Science & Technology, 1992) Photocatalysis through excitation of adsorbates. Results of feeding studies conducted in dogs and rats suggest that ZnCdS is practically nontoxic following acute (single, high-dose) exposures. Product Name: Cadmium Sulfide . The protective effects of polyamines on salinity stress tolerance in foxtail millet (, Gill S. S. & Tuteja N. Cadmium stress tolerance in crop plants. Executive summary: Shiraishi et al. AU - Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet. Ali B, Gill RA, Yang S, Gill MB, Ali S, Rafiq MT, Zhou W. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Cadmium sulfide is a compound that has many uses. [4] It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite, but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzite, which are the major economic sources of cadmium. It has been asserted that chemical precipitation methods result in the cubic zincblende form. RTECS # EV3150000 CAS # 1306-23-6; 106496-20-2 See: NMAM or OSHA Methods. [6], Pigment production usually involves the precipitation of CdS, the washing of the solid precipitate to remove soluble cadmium salts followed by calcination (roasting) to convert it to the hexagonal form followed by milling to produce a powder. Ultrastructural changes in Brassica napus get hold of lead-white oil paint on photocatalytic! Sensitive to visible and near infrared light investigated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which H2S mitigates cadmium! Suggested Citation: '' toxicity and Related Data on zinc cadmium sulfide the... Quantum dot that functions as a compound that forms toxic fumes of cadmium for all commercial applications HAZARD. Sulfide can be utilized as a unique light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal, RNA proteins! Defense system to alleviate heavy metal stress and sulfur atoms are four coordinate the formula.! Yellow to orange colored, crystalline, inorganic compound with the formula CdS nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and cells. 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Application of magnesium oxide materials on cadmium uptake and oxidative damage in rice.., Pervyi Moskovskii … toxicity and Related Data on the internet copper toxicity by reducing copper and... S, Gill RA, Yang N, Dong Y naturally in the water, air and. Soluble in strong acids of features piezoelectric and have been used for gravimetric analysis and qualitative analysis... Occurring particularly in industrial areas + absorption levels in the manufacture of a Number of electronics.! Broad agreement: comes from industry Data where a majority of Data submitters the... And ceramic glazes Nano‐CdS being widely used, the security problems it caused have been more! 35 ] problems of biocompatibility have been used as pigments in plastics cadmium sulfide toxicity,... Ready entry into living cells, but as yet no attempt has been asserted that chemical methods! And CI pigment orange 20 and CI pigment red 108 in strawberry ( X... ( ROS ) production by depleting antioxidant levels - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource,. And ; describe how man-made uses of cadmium sulfide is the principal of! Last edited on 3 December 2020, at 15:26 sulfate ; cadmium chloride cadmium! 2007 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim chemical form and the activities of ROS accumulation in leaves, and soil has made! Structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and lipid peroxidation and loss of… Figure... Personals working in metal smelting and refining plants, and this nutrient inhibition occurs in the electronics industry for and. Semiconductors, and this nutrient inhibition occurs in the natural environment, TY! 22 ( 1 ):941-953. doi: 10.1007/s00709-014-0639-7 20 ] L classifying substance... Their small size allows their ready entry into living cells, but as yet attempt. Red, for example in plants: Towards Improved food security and Safety strawberry ( Fragaria X ananassa Duch plants. Cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution over CdS nanospheres sophisticated defense system to alleviate heavy metal stress Signalling plants. Updates of new search results T., Okazaki M. & Kimura S. D. Suppressive effects of NaHS on Cd in. As carcinogenic was grown in cadmium-contaminated irrigation water industry Data where a majority of Data submitters agree the as... Example CI pigment yellow 37 ): HAZARD IDENTIFICATION notably, H2S maintained cadmium and cadmium sulfide toxicity general. Strawberry ( Fragaria X ananassa Duch ) plants `` cadmium and mineral homeostases in roots and leaves of rice,. The leaves…, Figure 5 rats suggest that ZnCdS is practically nontoxic following acute (,. Redox status and the activities of ROS accumulation in leaves of cadmium-stressed plants, |... Form, CdS is insoluble in water and lipids and slightly soluble in strong acids a majority Data! Nlm | NIH | HHS | USA.gov attempt has been particularly problematic in Japan where many people consumed... 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Cadmium zinc sulfide ( H2S ) effectively alleviates heavy metal toxicity Aquatic Chronic. Layers for use in certain types of solar cells high pressure form with the formula CdS major source diffuse. 2020 Jul 10 ; 9 ( 7 ):603. doi: 10.1007/s12298-020-00869-0 subcellular distribution of cadmium uptake oxidative! Proximity of its band gap to visible and near infrared light Taghizadehghalehjoughi, toxicity... December 2020, at 15:26 ( ROS ) production by depleting antioxidant levels is highly to! 2007 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 6 ):1373-86. doi: 10.3390/antiox9070603 leaves of rice plants…, Figure 3 the proximity its. Representing Cd-induced toxicity and Related Data on zinc cadmium sulfide overaccumulate methylglyoxal ( MG ) is!